IMHO, this is the main determination on when I decide to use em-dashes: is the text between them an aside of some kind? An alternatives would be to use parentheses.
Personally I do not find that " - " as the GP suggests enough of a visual cue as "—". And on macOS using different dashes is fairly straight-forward:
* hyphen: the key next to zero, "-"
* en-dash: alt/option-"-": –
* em-dash: shift-alt/option-"-": —
Some apps (e.g. Mail) auto-convert double-"-" into an em-dash as well.
IMHO, this is the main determination on when I decide to use em-dashes: is the text between them an aside of some kind? An alternatives would be to use parentheses.
Personally I do not find that " - " as the GP suggests enough of a visual cue as "—". And on macOS using different dashes is fairly straight-forward:
* hyphen: the key next to zero, "-"
* en-dash: alt/option-"-": –
* em-dash: shift-alt/option-"-": —
Some apps (e.g. Mail) auto-convert double-"-" into an em-dash as well.