...by doing what thousands of people do around the world every day (and what OP was referring to) - using the List, HashMap, Stack and Queue implementations provided by your language of choice.

Occasionally, you might need to dig deeper to find an appropriate data structure for your specific use case (maybe something more exotic like a suffix or binary tree), but that's already pretty uncommon. Implementing a data structure from scratch? For the vast majority of developers, it's basically unheard of.

One exception to this though, IMO, is dynamic programming - while it's not something that someone like a web developer will need to know, it crops up so often once you go beyond that that I think it's a reasonable expectation (though not necessarily in a whiteboard scenario).