They are basically the same quantity - the motor doesn't care if the rotor is stopped because it's physically locked in place, or just because it was previously not running.
I don’t think so. Attempt the opposite experience: If you turn the motor, electricity comes out. So I don’t know what is the draw when stalling but I guess the draw must vary a lot even inside a north/south cycle.
In fact, the draw varies enough during the cycle that it’s a well known method in industrial ecology to put a condenser on a 60Hz motors when the supply is 50Hz. So there must be a visible cycle.
The magnetic behavior of the windings can depend on this, though. A good example would be a toroidal transformer, which tends to have a high inrush current, even if the output is open circuit.
