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See https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2019/09/10/almost-all-collatz... for a more detailed explanation.

His actual result is this.

Suppose that f(N) is a function from the natural numbers to the reals that has infinity as a limit. Let X be the set of natural numbers who eventually go below f(N). Then the logarithmic density of X is 1.

Here logarithmic density is the limit of the following ratio:

    sum(1/n for n in X and < N)
  / sum(1/n for n < N)
Now you just have to pick f that grows very, very slowly. For example f(N) = log(log(log(x)))).


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