Your own numbers say that the richest population in the world in 1850 - way into industrialization - died at 55 on average, after ignoring child mortality. Which BTW means they watched maybe 1/4 of their children die.
If any population lived like that today, their lives would certainly be called nasty, brutish and short.
OK, the nasty and brutish part might not have been huge.
Modern medicine is great, but it turns out to not add that many years to our life spans. Mostly money does. Or more likely, the healthy lives money buys.
Put in other words, it's much better to not get sick than to have great health care!
(I'm not just bullshitting here, this is what the data shows (not that I have any links with proofs to show (so feels free to not believe this :)))
What is true is that many children died young. Beyond that they lived almost as long as we do.
If they had modern medicine then the numbers would have equaled out. Heck, with their superior diet they may have lived even longer.
So the question is, do we need to work long hours to have modern medicine?