The title page isn’t supposed to be centered — this is typeset for double-sided printing, where one edge of the paper will be in the binding and hence inaccessible. It’s standard typesetting practice to have asymmetric margins to account for this, and you can see it in all subsequent pages as well.
I do agree, though, that using a math font that doesn’t match the text font is a high typographic crime.
The different margin sizes on the left and right (swapped between odd and even numbered pages) are the standard for the book documentclass in LaTeX because that's the best for printing and binding!
